清议性质与汉代乡里清议略析

“清议”一词概出现于魏晋时期,多用来指代士人的公平论政或泛指社会合理舆论.先秦时期,我国即有清议传统存在,开明君主为取得政清民和之目的,往往借此体察民情.汉代发扬了清议传统,在乡邑间、士人群体间、名士个人间,皆存在清议现象,东汉末年的“清议运动”更是影响巨大而深远.汉代统治者在用人制度上实行的“察举制”尤为重视乡里清议的作用.乡里清议的对象既有布衣平民,又有没落官宦之后或经明行修之士.而乡里清议的内容则注重孝悌、德行和才识.随着政治形势的发展,乡里清议亦渐显其弊.

Nature of Carefree Talk and a Brief Analysis on Carefree Talk in the Villages of the Han Dynasty

＂ Carefree talk＂ appeared in the Wei Jin period, mostly used to refer to scholars＇ impartial comment on politics, or refer to reasonable social public opinion. Carefree talk tradition had existed in our country early to the Pre - Qin period. For the purpose of ideal politics, enlightened monarchs used to make use of it to observe the public feeling. The Han Dynasty promoted the carefree talk tradition. There existed carefree talk phenomenon between the villages, scholar groups and the individuals. The ＂Carefree Talk Movement＂ at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty had a profound influence. Carefree talk in the villages played a very important role in the ＂recommendatory system＂ which was applied in the employment system by the rulers of the Han Dynasty. The objects of carefree talk ranged from civilians, descendants of the aristocrats in decline to scholars with virtue and knowledge of classics. The content of carefree talk laid emphasis on filial piety, virtue and wisdom. With the development of the political situation, carefree talk in the villages also showed up its disadvantages.