加利福尼亚州温室气体排放权交易项目简介

美国《加利福尼亚州全球变暖应对法案》是地方应对气候变化措施的典型代表，其最引人注目之处在于创立了世界上最广泛且最复杂的温室气体排放权交易体系。该法案的碳减排目标设定及其对温室气体排放权交易体系的碳排放总量、覆盖范围、碳配额抵消与存储机制、报告与履行程序、与其他排放权交易体系对接等问题的制度安排，对应对气候变化法律的构建与完善具有先锋榜样意义，同时也彰显出在应对气候变化问题上地方措施的重要作用。

An Introduction to California's Greenhouse Gas Emission Trading Program

Even though climate change will require a global solution, the efforts of individual na- tions and sub-national governmental units have become increasingly important for demonstrating leadership in creating effective regulatory programs and possible solutions. California＇s Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, also referred to as A. B. 32, and the associated greenhouse gas emission trading program are one set of such efforts. With A. B. 32, the state of California has created one of the most comprehensive and complex climate change programs in the world-a legally binding set of mandates for the state government to reduce greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2020 that is implemented in part by a highly sophisticated GHG trading system. Although a number of years have already passed since A.B. 32＇s first enactment, the highest-profile regulatory action, the emis sion trading program, also referred to as a cap-and-trade system, became effective only recently. This short essay is designed to provide an introduction to the basic aspects of the California Global Warming Solutions Act as well as the GHG Emission Trading Program. In particular, the essay will touch on the scope of the emission trading program＇s carbon cap and what sources are covered, the cap decline by 2020, carbon allowances and offset-credits as well as related allowance banking issues, reporting and compliance processes, and linkage with other emission trading systems.