技术哲学视阈中的风险和安全

对风险和安全哲学进行了概述,对与之相关的风险、不确定性、安全性和预防等核心概念进行了界定,特别强调了风险和不确定性的区分,并且论述了这种区分的重要性。以对科学中不确定性信息的处理的讨论为基础,论述了在科学的不确定性情形下进行决策的问题,澄清了预防原则的作用。探讨了如何实施安全工程的主要方法,强调了诸如内在安全性、安全因素和多重安全阻抗等安全原则的作用。在此基础上,指出风险性和安全性问题是技术哲学研究中的重要领域。

Risk and Safety from the Viewpoint of Philosophy of Technology

This is an overview of the philosophy of risk and safety.It discusses the definition of central concepts such as risk,uncertainty,safety,and precaution.The distinction between risk and uncertainty is particularly emphasized and is shown to be practically important.Based on a discussion on how uncertain information is treated in science,the problem of making policy decisions under scientific uncertainty is discussed,and the role of the precautionary principle is clarified.Major engineering approaches to safety are introduced,and the role of safety principles such as inherent safety,safety factors and multiple safety barriers is emphasized.It is concluded that issues of risk and safety are an important study area in the philosophy of technology.