试析美国部署在欧洲的战术核武器问题

在当今全球积极推进深入核裁军的进程中,美国从冷战至今部署在欧洲的战术核武器引起国际社会的关注。除了战术核武器固有的风险外,美国的这些战术核武器还存在军事意义下降、维护升级费用昂贵以及破坏国际核不扩散体制等问题,这使美国在欧洲的前沿部署政策陷入困境。对于美国战术核武器的去留问题,北约联盟未明确表态,北约成员国之间存在明显的分歧意见。分析认为,美国未来的战术核裁军方式很可能是采取单边自愿的非正式措施或与俄罗斯谈判达成正式的双边条约。为了联盟团结的象征意义,短期内美国不会把战术核武器从欧洲全部撤走。

On the U.S. Tactical Nuclear Weapons Deployed in Europe

In the process of promoting global nuclear disarmament,the international community pays more attention to U.S.tactical nuclear weapons which have been deployed in Europe since the Cold War.In addition to the inherent risks,U.S.tactical nuclear weapons also have the problems of declined military value,expensive maintenance and upgrade cost,and undermining the international nuclear non-proliferation regime,which place U.S.policy of forwarding deployment in Europe in difficulty.Removing or keeping these weapons is a difficult choice for NATO and in fact there are significant different views among the NATO members.This analysis holds that,U.S.tactical nuclear disarmament is likely to take unilateral voluntary informal measures or formal bilateral treaty negotiated with Russia.For the symbolic significance of alliance solidarity,the United States will not withdraw all of the tactical nuclear weapons from Europe,in the short term.