人口老龄化背景下的养老金危机--基于四维的视角

进入21世纪，人口老龄化作为一种全球性趋势正在给世界各国带来巨大的负担和成本，尤其是老龄化带来养老金的收支不平衡以及养老金模式的不可持续，给养老保险体系带来巨大挑战。而深层次的养老金危机深刻地影响着每个国家的财政收支、经济发展，甚至造成对政府的信任危机。以往的研究一般把养老金收支不平衡作为衡量养老金危机的一个重要标准。这种仅仅注重财务、而忽视其安全、公平和信任等因素的分析不利于我们把握养老金改革的重点，也不利于我们对于我国现行人口政策的反思。本文从养老金的财务、安全、公平和信任四个角度去分析我国的养老金危机，并进一步提出了对未来养老金改革应该要注意的一些原则性问题。

Pension Crisis under Population Aging:A Four-dimensional Perspective

Population aging,as a global trend in the 21st century, is to impose a huge burden on every country in the world. Especially,it will lead to the imbalance of payments and the unsustainability of pension model, and challenge the total insur-ance system of a society. Pension crisis can profoundly influence a country’s fiscal balance and economic development,and even cause a crisis of confidence in the government. Previous studies have generally put forward the pension imbalance as a single measure of a pension crisis,with ignoring some indispensable factors such as security,fairness and confidence. Howev-er, it's neither a good perspective to grasp the key points of pension reform nor a good index to help us reflect on our current population policy. This article analyses the characteristics of pension crisis from four perspectives:finance,security,fairness and confidence,and subsequently suggests we should pay attention to some principles in the process of pension reform.