城乡老年人生活质量与人口社会学特征关联初探

人口老龄化使我国老年人口数量迅速增长，呈现出老龄化+少子化的人口结构新常态。江苏省老龄化比例为20.57%，居全国各省区之首，老龄化区域和城乡差异也更加显著。兴化地区地处苏北农村，呈现小城市大农村结构，经济欠发达，城乡人群的生活水平差距较大。本研究目标人群为兴化城乡老年人群，通过调查城乡老年人群人口社会学和生活质量的变化特征和相关性，为政府和社会对老龄化事业的发展与决策提供依据。总计305例60岁以上的老年人群参与调查。结果显示，城市老年人群已婚、与子女住、文化程度、退休和自觉家庭经济情况良好等人口社会学特征维度好于农村人群（P≤0.01）；而农村丧偶、独居、没有工作和自觉家庭经济情况差等维度高于城市人群（P≤0.01）；男性老年人群文化程度显著高于女性（P<0.01）；冠心病患病构成比上，农村老年人群显著高于城市老年人群（P<0.01），男性老年人群高于女性（P<0.05）；而女性老年人群患高脂血症构成比显著高于男性（P<0.01）。结果提示，兴化地区城乡老年人群生活质量差异显著，但城乡老年人群在躯体健康和疾病防治中的差异已经明显缩小，说明老年人生活质量的变化与人口社会学特征相关联。在经济持续发展和人口结构老龄化的新常态下，社会和家庭应更多地关注和改善老年人群，尤其是农村老年人群的生存环境，提高他们的生活质量。

Preliminary Study on the Association of Elderly Quality of Life with Socio-Demographic Characteristics in Urban and Rural Communities

Demographic ageing causes the number of ageing population increased quickly in China ,exerting the New Normal of aging and few-children in families. Aging population proportion is 20.57% in Jiangsu province ,a top aging province with obvi-ously regional and urban-rural differences in our country. Xinghua county is located in the rural areas of north Jiangsu ,charac-teristically by little town and big village,with less-developed economy and different urban-rural living standards. The survey aims at elderly population in urban and rural communities of Xinghua ,to investigate the changes and associations of socio-de-mographic characteristics and quality of life,to provide government and public society a basis for decision-making in aging ser-vices. Totally 305 persons over 60 years were involved in this survey. It was showed that in the dimensionalities of socio-demo-graphic characteristics, the proportion of intact marital status, residence with children, education background, retire and batter self-sense family finances were significantly better in urban elderly population than rural(P≤0.01);The proportion of death of a spouse, living alone, no occupation and worse self-sense family finances were significantly higher in rural elderly population than urban (P≤0.01);the education background in elderly male population was better than female(P<0.01);the constituent ra-tio of coronary heart disease in rural elderly population was higher than urban (P<0.01),male higher than female (P<0.05);but the constituent ratio of hyperlipoidemia in elderly female population was higher than male(P<0.01). It is suggested that there are significant differences in quality of life,but decreased differences in chronic diseases suffering and disease preventing between urban and rural elderly population,illustrating there is a close association of socio-demographic characteristics with the changes of quality of life in elderly population. Under the New Normal of economic development and aging population ,society and family should put more attention to,especially,the rural elderly population in improvement of living environment and quality of life.