发展性关怀抑或反思性关怀？--对中国农村留守人口社会关怀研究的梳理与反思

国外学者对社会关怀提出了两层含义，第一层含义侧重强调关怀者和被关怀者是一种发展关系，第二层含义重点阐释社会和个体关于谁需要关怀，以及如何关怀的认知对关怀资源生产和分配的影响。本文以这两层含义为维度，界定出当前我国学者针对农村留守人口存在着两种关怀：发展性关怀和反思性关怀。发展性关怀在一定程度上减缓了农村人口所面临的困境，但这种关怀依旧处于发展主义框架中。反思性关怀超越发展主义对关怀的限制，追求人本性关怀，从中深刻理解留守人口的境遇，对社会关怀研究的推进与完善具有重要的引导作用。分析发现，留守人口在关怀需求和关怀资源、关怀付出和关怀收获上存在着不对称；一种单一的、齐化的，以经济增长为衡量指标的发展主义意识形态成为判断标准，使得对留守人口的社会关怀不断的理性化、商品化。

Developmental or Reflective:Review and Reflection on the Research of Social Care on Chinese Rural Left-behind Population

Foreign scholars put forward for two meanings of the social care, the first meanings present a relationship of de?velopment,the second mean to interprete the cognitivation of society and the individual that impact on who need to care and how to care. Based on the two dimensions of the social care,we define two kinds social care,which concern the study of Chinese scholars:developmental care and reflective care. Developmental care has slowed the certain extent the plight , which rural population facing up,but it is still in developmentalism framework. Reflective care surpass the limitation on so?cial care from developmentalism,means to pursuit of human nature concern,which try to deep-understand of left-behind population situation and has important guiding role in promote and perfect the social care research. It is conclusion that there are asymmetrict proposition on the population of left-behind care needs and care resource,care giving and care ac?quistion. A single,standarliazed and economic growth as the measure of the developmentalism became the judgment stan?dard,which makes the social care for left-behind population rationalization and commercialization continuously.