清朝前中期仕人的生态思想——以《清经世文编》为中心

清朝前中期,经济核心区的生态环境仍能为经济增长提供一定空间,仕人们的生态思想以利用为主,兴修水利及保护湿地、建设林业、兼植五谷都体现出土地产出最大化及规避风险的目标。边疆地区已直接面临生态危机,在自然环境相对敏感的地区涌现出生态保护思想,保护森林已提上地方政府的工作日程。部分仕人朝现代科学方向前进探讨生态思想,但探寻可持续发展的动力还不够强烈,对宏观生态系统缺乏全面了解,对林业价值的认识也不够全面,生态保护仍处于自发阶段。

The Ecological Thoughts of Intellectuals in Early and Mid Qing Dynasty:A Discussion Based on Jing Shi Wen Bian in Qing Dynasty

In the early and mid Qing Dynasty, ecological environment still provided a certain space for economic development in central developing zones. The predominant ecological thoughts of intellectuals in this period centred on issues of utilization, such as building water conservancy project, wetland protection, forest cultivation and growing various crops. These thoughts show the purposes of both pursuing the output maximization and avoiding risks. However, ecological crisis had appeared in the border areas, which led to the emergence of ecological thoughts, and forest protection was listed as an important agenda by some local governments. Although some intellectuals attempted to solve the ecological problems through a scientific way, there was still not enough motivation for sustainable development. The knowledge on the whole ecological system and the value of forest were not complete. The awareness and knowledge for ecological protection remained at a primitive and spontaneous phase in this period.