黄遵宪《朝鲜策略》与近代朝鲜的开放

19世纪末期,朝鲜的命运和未来,引起清朝政府的关注,有识之士纷纷建议劝说朝鲜开放。黄遵宪撰《朝鲜策略》提出“亲中国,结日本,联美国,图自强”主张,为朝鲜划策,首先与美国建交,联合拒俄。《策略》在朝鲜引起举国震动,守旧派发起万人上书运动,朝鲜政府决议开放、改革,设立统理交涉通商事务衙门。李鸿章邀美国特使到天津谈判朝美建交事宜,终于实现缔约。由此反映了中国年轻一代外交官灵活务实的思想,和陈腐的洋务派已经不可同日而语。

Huang Zunxian's Chaoxian Celue and the Opening of Modern Korea

Korean situation had been noticed in the end of 19th century, some gentlemen in Qing government advised Korea to open its door to the West. Huang Zunxian put forward several policies in his book titled Chaoxian Celue: Korea should be dependent on China, knit Japan, ally with the USA, and seek to goad itself". At first, Korea should ally itself with the United States to resist Russia. Korea government had been shocked by Chaoxian Celue, and set up a government office to exercise general supervision over diplomatic and business matters. Li Hongjiang invited American and Korean emissaries to Tianjin so Korea formed a covenant with America.