小说史研究中的文体学方法

现有的多种小说史有许多并不是真正的小说史，因为它们并没有抓住小说的特殊性。小说的特殊性不能仅仅归结为人物、情节、环境这“三要素”，而在于其文体。小说文体既是特殊的表达方式，也是一种特殊的文化存在方式。小说史研究的文体学方法主要包括纵、横两方面的内容，纵的方面主要是指小说特有的多种叙述者类型、聚焦方式、转述语、结构、言语特征等，横的方面则是指探讨这些文体因素在某个时期的聚合。（如类型、流派的历史）

The Stylistic Methed in Novel History Study

Many existing novel history works are not real one, because some of them have not caught the speciality of novel. The speciality of novel can no be regarded as figure, plot and environment, but is its style. The style of novel is not only special exposive way, but also a kind of special existance way of culture.This paper suggests the stylistic methed on novel history study bo special multiple types of the narrators in novel, focus ways, quoted discourses, structures, types schools, and so on. It studies also the relationship betweem the occurrence of some styles and the cultural context.