美国伦奎斯特法院保守性初探--以联邦主义问题的相关判决为中心

伦奎斯特法院是美国历史上较为保守的联邦最高法院。它在联邦主义问题上的相关判决非常突出地体现了这一特征。不过,由于联邦与州关系中的“双重标准”原则不可逾越,伦奎斯特法院实际上不可能回到传统的“二元联邦主义”状态,只能倡导一种介于“二元联邦主义”与“合作联邦主义”之间的“新联邦主义”。通过复活州主权豁免理论,伦奎斯特法院为州权找到了新的突破口,也更新了联邦主义的含义。

Rehnquist Court's Conservative Decisions on the Nation-State Relationship in the United States

As a highly conservative Supreme Court, Rehnquist Court demonstrates the conservatism in most of its decisions, especially decisions on the federalism. Since the principle of " double standard" is established firmly, Rehnqusit Court could never repeat the dual federalism of the 19th century, and could only advocate a "new federalism" , which is neither dual federalism nor cooperative federalism. By reviving the sate sovereign immunity doctrine, Rehnquist Court strengthens the state right, and refreshes the meaning of federalism.