中国农村义务教育属性及经费分担机制探讨

在中国义务教育财政投入上,“以县为主”的体制安排已经不能适应中国社会的发展,带来了一系列新的问题。义务教育的根本问题是经费的问题,如何界定义务教育的产品属性和政府间的职责,会直接影响到国家对义务教育财政保障机制的选择问题。义务教育作为外溢性很强的地方性公共产品,由政府提供有利于实现社会公平,在财政体制安排上则应由中央和省级政府担当主要的经费投入责任,由县级政府负责主要的管理责任。

Discussion on the Property of Chinese Compulsory Education in Rural Areas and the Mechanism of Sharing-expenses

As far as the financial investment into Chinese compulsory education is concerned,the "county-centered" system cannot adjust to the social development any more.This has led to a sequence of new problems.The basic problem of compulsory education lies in the expenses of education.The definition of the products property and the responsibility of governments will influence directly the choice of financial security mechanism of compulsory education.As a local public product with strong influence,compulsory education will benefit the social fairness with government support.Furthermore,financially speaking,the central and provincial governments should play the role as the major investors and the county governments the principal managers.