强制清污费的法律性质研究

船舶发生海难事故，造成或者可能造成海洋环境的重大污染损害，国家海事行政主管部门有权强制采取避免或者减少污染损害的措施。对于该强制清污产生的费用（即强制清污费）的法律性质，我国法律未有明确规定，理论界对此问题的争议较大，由此造成司法实践中的困惑。从一般观点对比入手，依据非行政费用性、民事法律性和立法趋势等方面，最终得出强制清污费的民事法律性质。

On the Legal Nature of Compelling Clean-up Expenses

If a vessel is involved in a marine accident which has caused,or is likely to cause serious pollution damage to the marine environment,the Maritime Authority of the P.R.C.has the right to take arbitrary actions to avoid or minimize such pollution damage.But the legal nature of the expense arising from the foresaid actions(i.e.compelling clean-up expense)has not been clarified by laws or regulations of the P.R.C.,and there are disputes over this in the academia.Consequently some confusion always exists in the judicial practice.This paper tries to analyze and discuss the mentioned issue from several aspects and finally holds that the compelling clean-up expenses shall be in the nature of the civil law.