中国农民工社会融入的代际比较

本文依据2011年中国社会科学院社会学研究所中国社会状况综合调查数据，描述了老一代农民工和新生代农民工在经济、社会、心理和身份四个层面的社会融入状况，分析了人力资本、社会资本和政策制度等因素对社会融入的影响。研究发现，新生代农民工社会融入状况与老一代农民工相比并没有根本差异；影响社会融入的人力资本因素更显著地体现在农民工的工作技能上；政策制度对农民工社会融入具有重要影响；农民工社会融入的经济-社会-心理-身份四个层次不存在递进关系，经济层次的融入并不必然带来其他层次的融入。

A Cross Generational Comparison of the Social Cohesion of Migrant Workers in China

Although China’s urbanization has reached more than 50 percent,this rapid process is still incapable of measuring up with industrialization,leading to a prominent problem of hundreds of millions of migrant workers unable to integrate or merge themselves into the urban society.Based on the data of the Chinese Social Survey conducted by the Institute of Sociology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in 2011(CSS,CASS2011),this paper describes the social cohesion of the old and new generations of migrant workers on the economic,social,psychological,and identity dimensions,and analyzes the impact of human capital,social capital,and policy systems on their social cohesion.This study has found that,although there is no fundamental difference in the status of social cohesion across migrant generations,human capital,which affects social cohesion,is more significantly reflected in the migrant workers’job skills than years of education;policy systems have also an important impact on social cohesion;migrant workers’social cohesion does not necessarily follow the economic-social-psychological-identity sequence;and the cohesion at the economic level does not guarantee the cohesion at the other levels.