我国制造业结构与劳动力素质结构吻合度分析——兼论“民工荒”、“技工荒”与大学生就业难问题

基于要素密集度与受教育程度分别给出了考查制造业结构与劳动力素质结构的方法,测算并分析了2006～2010年全国、东部、中部和西部地区制造业结构与劳动力素质结构变动状况。在合理选择测度方法的基础上,对上述地区制造业结构与劳动力素质结构的吻合度进行了测算。结果表明,全国范围东部和西部地区制造业结构与劳动力素质结构的吻合度是逐步提高的。从制造业结构与劳动力素质结构是否吻合的视角,分析讨论了"民工荒"、"技工荒"与大学生就业难问题产生的原因,提出了促进制造业转型升级和推动职业教育与高等教育改革发展的相关对策建议。

An Analysis on the Consistency between Manufacturing Structure and Quality Structure of Labor Force in China:And the Discussion of Shortage of Migrant Workers,Skilled Personnel,and Difficulty of Graduates Employment

The methods that can measure the structures of manufacturing and quality of labor force are put forward based on the degree of factor intensity and the level of education.The status of the structures of manufacturing and quality of labor force from 2006 to 2010 in national,eastern,central and western areas are calculated and analyzed.On the basis of reasonable selection of measurement method,the degrees of consistency between manufacturing structure and quality structure of labor force are calculated.The results showed that the degrees of consistency between manufacturing structure and quality structure of labor force in national,east and west areas are gradually increasing.From the in-deep background of the degrees change of consistency between manufacturing structure and quality structure of labor force,we discussed the reasons of the shortage of migrant workers and skilled personnel and the difficulty of graduates employment.The countermeasures are promoting the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing and reform and development of occupation education and higher education are advanced.