中德土壤污染治理责任主体比较研究

20世纪80年代,德国在法学理论和司法实务中对土壤污染责任主体的认定,突破了以往侵权责任主体认定的范畴,引入“状态责任”,细化责任主体范围,明确责任内容划分,厘清多重责任主体竞合。我国土壤污染管理起步较晚,在理论研究和司法实务中对主体责任认定标准和责任限度的理解存在分歧,其争议焦点在于各主体在案件中的地位。通过对中德土壤污染治理责任主体的比较,认为我国应在坚持现有规则的前提下借鉴吸收德国在责任内容划分和多重责任主体竞合处理等方面的经验,切实有效地保护土地功能。

Comparative study on liability subjects of soil pollution control between China and Germany

In 1980s, the identification of liability subjects of soil pollution in legal theory and judicial practice in Germany breaks through the the past category of subject identification of tort liability. The “state liability” is introduced, the subject range is refined, the division of liability contents is clarified, and the concurrence of multiple liability subjects is clarified. The management of soil pollution in China started relatively late, and divergence exists in the understanding of identification standard and limit of subject liability in theoretical research and judicial practice. The focus of the divergence is on the status of each subject in the case. Through the comparison of liability subjects of soil pollution control between China and Germany, it is believed that the experiences of division of liability contents and the handling of concurrence of multiple liability subjects etc. in Germany should be referenced and absorbed under the premise of adhering to existing rules, so as to effectively protect the function of soil.