从弗洛伊德的本能理论看叔本华、尼采唯意志论的内在矛盾--兼论弗洛伊德学说与叔本华、尼采哲学的关系

叔本华、尼采的唯意志论是一种哲学世界观,弗洛伊德的本能论则是一种心理哲学,二者之间具有一种内在关联,从而使弗洛伊德的思想汇入西方哲学源流之中.从弗洛伊德的本能学说看,叔本华和尼采的意志论都包含着一个内在矛盾,即无法在理论上逻辑地说明与生存意志及权力意志相反的现象,因为二者都共同缺失一个与生存意志或权力意志相对等的原则,这个原则就是死亡原则.

On the Internal Contradictions of Schopenhauer's and Nietzsche's Voluntarism from Freud's Theory of Instincts--On the Relation between Freud's Theory and Schopenhauer's and Nietzsche's Philosophy

A.Schopenhauer's and F.W.Nietzsche's voluntarism is a kind of philosophical world outlook, while S. Freud's theory of instincts is a kind of psychical philosophy. There is a kind of internal connection between them, and this makes Freud's thoughts converge intothe source and course ofWestern philosophy. According to Freud's theory of instincts, Schopenhauer's and Nietzsche's theoryof will contains an internal contradiction that the opposite phenomena ofthe will tolive and the will topower cannot be explained logically in theory, because both lack a symmetric princi- ple, that is death principle.