萨满教文化与蒙古族传统生态保护观

萨满教是北方游牧民族早期信仰的宗教，萨满教在北方诸民族中影响力比较广泛而深刻，直到各种外来宗教先后传入之前，萨满教几乎垄断了北方各游牧民族祭坛。对一个民族而言，自身宗教的世界观在一定程度上影响于本民族的文化思维和生产生活习俗。任何一种宗教发生之时期就开始从自身的角度去解释宇宙的万物、万象。蒙古族萨满教也跟其他宗教一样，在漫长的发生和发展过程中有了它自身独特的解释天地、自然、生态、灵魂之诸多观念。本文就蒙古萨满教“腾格理”、“嘎扎理”、“万物有灵”理解与蒙古人的生态保护观展开论述。

Shamanism Culture and the View of Traditional Ecological Protection in Mongolian

Shamanism is the early religious belief of northern nomadic nations and its influence is very exten-sive and far-reaching in northern nations .Shamanism almost had monopolized altar in northern nomadic na-tions until all foreign religions entered successively .For a nation ,its religious world views influence the nation’s cultural thinking and production and living custom in part .Any kind of religion explains all things 、all phenome-na from the personal point of view when it occurs .Mongolian Shamanism also has its own unique interpretation of heaven and earth ,nature ,ecology ,soul in the long process of occurrence and development .T his paper dis-cusses the understanding of ”tengger” ,”gazhali” ,”animism”in Mongolian Shamanism and the view of ecologi-cal protection in Mongolian .