灵魂：道德实践主体的建立

古希腊的道德哲学到希腊化时期的斯多亚学派达到顶峰，但其肇端却在苏格拉底。因为苏格拉底的灵魂理论确立了道德实践的真正主体。荷马史诗中的灵魂还不是人的真实自我，奥尔菲教的灵魂为苏格拉底提供了精神方向。苏格拉底认为灵魂的本质是理性，理性灵魂是人的真实自我．是一种独立的精神实体。也是道德实践的真正主体，从而为古代希腊理性主义道德哲学的完成奠定了基础。

Soul: Moral Practice Suject in its Establishment

The moral metaphysics of Greek reaches its perfection in Stoics,but its beginning is Socrates,because the idea of the Soul of Socrates established a true subject of moral practice.The soul in Homer is not yet human's true self,Orphee's idea of Soul gives a new orintation.Socrates insisted that the essence of the Soul is reason,is human's true self and subject of moral practice.Socrates is the founder of moral metaphysics of ancient Greece.