权利视角下工时制度演进的历史回顾

工时制度历经数百余年的演进过程,从超越人体极限的十几个小时至现代社会适度工作时间的实现,各种权利思想扮演了重要角色。伴随启蒙运动中普遍性权利的觉醒,部分人权思想如平等、自由为后来工时制度演变起到了启蒙作用,启蒙运动后社会权的进一步发展则使劳动者实现了向社会人地位的转变。资本主义的发展使劳动时间的价值凸显并且劳动时间不断被延长,伴随着劳动者地位的改善及工人阶级权利意识的觉醒,工人发起缩短工时的罢工运动并成为工时制度演变的直接推动力。适度性是工时制度所追求的目标,伴随着各方的博弈,工时演变的最终结果是实现了各方的适度性,推动了社会的发展。

Historical Review on the Evolution of Working Hour System from the Perspective of Rights

Working hour system has experienced hundreds of years of evolution.From more than ten hours beyond the limit of human body to the realization of appropriate working hours in modern society,various rights ideas have played an important role.With the awakening of universal rights in the Enlightenment Movement,some human rights thoughts such as equality and freedom played an enlightening role in the later evolution of working hour system,and the further development of social rights after the Enlightenment Movement made workers realize the transformation to the status of social man.With the development of capitalism,the value of working time has been highlighted and the working hours have been continuously extended.With the improvement of the status of workers and the awakening of the consciousness of rights of the working class,the workers initiated a strike to shorten working hours,which has become the direct driving force for the evolution of the working hours system.Moderation is the goal pursued by the working hour system.With the game of all parties,the final result of the evolution of working hours is to achieve the moderation of all parties,thus promoting the development of society.