规则的官僚与官僚的规则——追求重要性的背离

理性官僚制追求制度理性,用制度来规束官僚的行为,保证官僚行为的程序性、合理性与合法性,使得官僚成为“规则的官僚”。但是,官僚制规则并不能完全规束官僚行为,实践中官僚常常主观地不遵照规则的约定,而是对其有所突破和改变,甚至违背官僚规则。这样就将规则变成“官僚的规则”。所以,在官僚执行规则的过程中容易产生这种背离现象。背离的原因就是官僚对心理重要性的渴求以及重要性的丧失,官僚在重要性得不到回应的时候就容易逆规则行事。而要改变这种背离现象就必须让重要性回归到官僚的心中。

Regulated Bureaucrats and Bureaucrats'''' Regulations——Deviation for Respect

The rational bureaucracy seeks for the institutional reason and regulates the bureaucrats' behaviors and it makes their behavior procedured,rational and legitimate and enables bureaucrats to be "regulated bureaucrats".But the rule can't regulate them,they always disobey these rules and break through them and even deviate from it.So because bureaucrats are keen to the respect from others,these rules often have been translated into the "bureaucrats' regulation".If we want to change the phenomenon,the respect from the public should be back to bureaucrats.