西方国家行政问责制度的历史发展及其动因

西方国家行政问责制度经历了一个漫长的历史发展过程,具体而言,主要有三个方面的问责制度的发展:一是西方国家议会问责制度的发展,如弹劾制度、质询制度、调查制度和议会监察专员制度等制度形式的发展;二是西方国家司法问责制度的发展,如违宪审查制度、行政诉讼制度和行政赔偿制度等制度形式的发展;三是西方国家行政体系内部问责制度的发展,如行政监察制度、行政裁决制度和公务员惩戒制度等制度形式的发展。这些制度都是各国历史发展的产物,也是在历史发展中改进与丰富的。

The Historical Development and Its Causes of Administrative Accountability System in Western Countries

Administrative accountability system in western countries has experienced a long historical development process. In particular, there are three main aspects of its development. One is the development of the western parliamentary accountability system, such as impeachment system, inquiry system, investigation system, parliamentary ombudsman system and other forms of system development. The second is the development of the western judicial accountability system, such as unconstitutional review system, administrative litigation system, administrative compensation system and other forms of system development. The third is the development of the western countries internal administrative accountability system, such as administrative supervision system, administrative adjudication system, civil servant disciplinary system and other forms of system development. These systems are the product of the historical development historical development. of all countries, and are improved and enriched in