试论藏传佛教铜佛像外部特征与其制作工艺

通过对西藏、尼泊尔铜佛坐像的分析，发现整体铸造铜佛像存在尺寸的限制，而这种限制符合西藏现存沙范铸造工艺的实际情况。通过对铜佛像文物和铜佛像作坊内实物的观察，发现不论采用铸造工艺还是采用锻打铜板制作工艺，铜佛像手部多数都采用单独铸造的方法制作。在铜佛像制作中，其形式要求导致了金属工艺的组合方式，金属工艺的组合方式又出于生产效率的考虑，这种相互作用形成了藏族传统铜佛像制作工艺的实际情况。

On the External Feature and Productive Art of Bronze Buddha of Tibetan Buddhism

It is found that the overall casting bronze Buddha has the limitation of size through analyzing the bronze seated Buddha in Tibet and Nepal. And this limitation corresponds with the real situation of existing Schavan casting process in Tibet. It is also concluded that the hand part of bronze Buddha are mostly independently cast no matter whether it uses the method of cast or forged copper cast by observing the cultural relics of bronze Buddha or the real material in workshops. In the process of casting the bronze Buddha, the form of the Buddha requires the way of the metal process combination. But the metal process combination way should be based on the productive efficiency. The interactive function forms the real appearance of Tibetan traditional bronze Buddha casting process.