抗战时期林同济的国民性改造思想述论

国民性改造思想是抗战时期战国策派思想的基础。战国策派认为秦汉以来的历史文化所造就的国民性是导致中国衰败和无法应对抗战民族危机的根源。作为该派主将的林同济集中批判了中国国民性中的“士大夫”人格,抨击士大夫官僚传统的四毒和“中饱”极弊使国民养成官僚化性格和“官商者模样”,指责传统的忠孝观念导致国民重私德而轻公德,指出这些是国民劣根性的集中体现,无法适应新战国时代“战”和“力”的要求。他主张改造落后的国民性,唤回列国时代的“大夫士”精神,构建“战士式”的人生观,增强民族活力,实现全民族的抗战胜利,进而重建中国民族文化。 

The Review of Lin Tongji's Ideology of National Characters Reform in the Period of Anti-Japanese War

The thought of national character reformation was the basis of Zhanguo Ce School thought during the period of Anti-Japanese war.Zhanguo Ce School argued that national character made by history and culture since Qin and Han Dynasties was the root cause of China’s decline and inability in coping with the national crisis.As the School leader, Lin Tong-ji mainly criticized the “scholar-official” personality in Chinese national character, attacked the “four poison” and the recurrent disadvantage of “embezzle” in the schoolar-officials’bureaucratic tradition that caused the nationals formed a bureaucratic personality and an appearance of “bureaucratic businessman”, and blamed the traditional concept of loyalty and filial piety that led nationals to think a lot of private morality instead of social morality.All of those national characters were the concentrated reflections of nationals’bad qualities.Those bad qualities were unable to adapt to the requirements for “war” and “force” in temporal “New Warring States Era”.Therefore, he advocated to reform the backward nationalities, recalled the “official-scholar spirit” of the Warring States Era, and built a kind of life view like a “warrior”, and those reformations would enhance the national vitality, achieved the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, and reconstructed Chinese national culture.