伦理学视阈中的鲁迅现代生命哲学

“贵生”是现代伦理学善待自己的根本原则。鲁迅认同“贵生”的伦理原则，但将个体生命与民族种群及人类整体的发展优化结合起来思考，体现出一种超越的现代理性。一是认同“贵生利己”的价值观，即基于生命质量与民族整体素质关系的考虑，关注人的欲望释放、身心健康与遗传基因对后代的影响，反对旧道德，提倡新道德；二是反对违背道德的“伤生害己”，视“舆论强制”和虚伪鼓吹“乃是杀人者的帮凶而已”；三是从有利于更大多数人的利益以及个体生命价值自我实现的目的出发，认同“伤生利人”，主张自我牺牲。鲁迅的生命哲学在顺应“贵生”普遍伦理原则的基础上，极大地延展和深化了它的内在意蕴，给后人以深刻启示。

An Ethnic Perspective of Modern Life Philosophy of Lu Xun

Cherishing life is the fundamental principle in modern ethics. Lu Xun agrees to the ethic principle of cherishing life, but his concept of the principle is rational, a reflection of his concern of the individual life and integral development of human beings as a whole. Firstly, out of his concern of life quality and overall national quality, Lu Xu advocates the release of human desires and physical and psychological health, opposing the old morality and advocating new morality. Secondly, Lu Xun opposes the immoral “hurting life and harming oneself”, criticizing the “forceful public opinion” and “false preaches” as nothing but accomplice of homicide. Thirdly, out of his concern of the benefits of the majority and the realization of the values of individuals, Lu Xun approves “self sacrifice for the benefit of others. Lu Xun’s life philosophy is a valuable extension of the universal ethical principle of cherishing life