农地抵押融资试验模式比较与适用条件

我国农地抵押融资试点已形成“自下而上”和“自上而下”两种典型模式。两种模式在抵押实质、流转市场、政府财力、金融机构交易成本、风险化解机制等方面存在显著差异，但二者都对农村土地承包经营权、土地流转市场、抵押操作规范做出了相应要求。在经济欠发达地区农地抵押仍然存在试点推广的可行性；鲜明的农业主导产业、明晰的土地承包经营权、高效的流转市场、严密的操作规程是推广农地抵押融资的必备条件；抵押物价值、政府行政能力及财力、土地流转市场及群体信用差异是模式差异选择的依据。

Comparison and Applicable Conditions of the Rural Land Contracted Rights Mortgage Financing Mode

There are two kinds of rural land mortgage financing patterns: bottom-up mode and top-down mode. There are significant differences in mortgage essence, land market, government financial resources, financial institutions transaction cost and risk mitigation mechanism; but the two patterns made the corresponding requirements on rural land contract management right, land market, operation specification. Applicable condition analysis shows that in economic less developed areas there still exists feasibilities to promote the rural land contracted rights mortgage; distinctive agricultural leading industry, clear land contracted management right, efficient land market, strict operation rules are prerequisites for land mortgage promotion; and pattern different choice is based on collateral value, government administrative ability and financial resources, land transfer market and community credit differences.