“观渔”之礼的兴衰及其深层原因探究

统治者“观渔”,在有些朝代不合于礼,而在有些朝代的前期却是祭礼或嘉礼的应有之义,但在其后期往往又变得有悖于礼.“观渔”是否合于礼,因时而变,应肇因于所处社会发展阶段的生产结构及民族文化特色的变迁或民族认同的深入.“观渔”之礼的兴盛,往往以渔猎经济的地位之重为根本,而“观渔”之礼在北方民族所建立的王朝后期的式微,应是农业经济主导地位已然确立和农耕文化获得认同的结果.“观渔”之礼与经济结构变迁的联动性,是礼的实践性的典型反映.

The Study on the Rise and Decline of the Etiquette of Viewing Fishing and Its Deep Causes

The rulers＇ action of viewing fishing did not comply with the principle of etiquette in some dynasties. How- ever, it was a part of the sacrificial rites and marriage ceremony in other dynasties and it often became contrary to etiquette in the later. Whether complied with the principle of etiquette or not, viewing fishing was changed with time anti was closely related to the production structures of the stage of social development at that time and changes of the national culture characteristic or the deepening degree of national identity of different dynasties. The flourishing of the etiquette of viewing fishing was often rooted in the important status of fishing and hunting economy while the dis- appearance was the result of the establishment of the leading position of agricultural economy and the identity of farming culture. The linkage of the etiquette of viewing fishing and the change of economic structure was the typical reflection of the practicalness of etiquette.