流动与区隔:农业转型过程中人口流动与阶层分化

农业规模化转型与农地土地加速流转带动了人口的流动与劳动力的非农转移。通过泉村的案例调查发现,农民对农业规模化转型表现出不适应,呈现出规模化经营与小农经营的张力,在这过程中农民既没有完全离乡也不愿放弃土地依附,而是被迫卷入到资本化的现代农业经营体系当中。频繁的人口流动导致农村出现明显的阶层分化,上层农民与下层农民出现了空间与心理上的区隔,这种区隔也加大了阶层之间的矛盾张力。面对农业转型过程中的困境,首先,需要构建组织化的小农户农业社会化服务体系,推动农民的组织化。其次,要发展服务型农村集体经济,实现小农户与大市场的有效衔接。最后,面对传统村庄共同体的解构,需要再造新的村庄共同体,弥合农村社会的分化与失序。

Mobility and Division: Study on Population Mobility and Stratification in the Process of Agricultural Transformation

The large-scale transformation of agriculture and the accelerated transfer of agricultural land have led to the migration of population and the non-agricultural transfer of labor force. Through the investigation on Quan Village, it is found that, farmers are not adapted to the large-scale transformation of agriculture. In this process, the farmers of Quan Village neither completely leave their hometown nor want to give up their land dependence, but are forced to get involved in the capitalized modern agricultural operation system. In the meantime, Quan Village economy has been divided, and the rural society has also been stratified. There is a spatial and psychological division between the upper peasants and the lower peasants, which also increases the tension between the classes. Facing the dilemma of agricultural transformation, first, we need to construct organizational small farmer agricultural social service system, pushing the organization of famers; then we need to develop service-oriented collective economics and realize an effective connection between farmers and market; finally, facing the deconstruction of traditional village community, we need to reshape a kind of new village community and make up for the disorder and polarization of village society.