从《国朝三家文钞》之编选看清初文风之转变

清初三大家侯方域、魏禧、汪琬因宋荦与许汝霖编选《国朝三家文钞》而得名。三大家的古文标举唐宋,主张革除晚明文章流弊,开创一代新风,这与编选者宋荦的审美理想相合。但宋荦编选三家之文最重要的目的是上呈御览,以歌颂康熙数十年“隆文治”之功劳。因此他剔除了三家文中有关社会政治等在其看来不够温柔敦厚之作品,在一定程度上引导了文人对“醇雅”这一特定文风的认同与追求,同时也影响了人们对三家之文态度的变化,导致了三大家地位的此消彼长。从三大家地位的前后对比中,我们可以寻觅清初文风转变的某些端倪。

The Change of the Literary Style at the Beginning of the Qing Dynasty as Seen from "The Selected Works of Three Qing writers"

Early Qing writers,Hou Fangyu,Wei Xi and Wang Wan,became well-known for the publication of"The Selected Works of Three Qing Writers" compiled by Song Ying and Xu Rulin.Their writings upheld Tang and Song traditions and blazed a new literary trail.However,Song and Xu compiled this book mainly for the purpose of praising Kang Xi's rule to please the emperor.So they excluded these writers' pieces on politics and reinforced the literary taste for "elegance".Their compilation also affected critical attitude towards the three writers.