明清"收养孤老"律例与社会稳定

"收养孤老"律是明清社会救济立法的重要体现,既与社会经济发展、社会结构变化、地方政治治理形式转变有关,又与明清统治者的重视、立法监督体系的健全、社会救济机构的设置及管理有关。它不仅体现传统社会救济基本意图,而且在"仁政"理念的基础上,从法律上规范了"孤贫"救济。救助孤贫不仅仅是理念问题,需要一定资金的支持和制度的保障,必要时还应该整合社会资源,调动社会成员的积极性。传统政治体制则决定明清统治者不可能提供充足的资金,也不可能有完善的制度,不会去整合社会资源,更害怕社会成员的介入。因此"收养孤老"律例实施的实际效果,也是有限的。

The Law of Adopting Lonely Elderly People During the Ming and Qing Dynasties and Its Relations to Social Stability

The adoption of the lonely elderly people by law is the important embodiment of the legal system of social relief,which not only is relevant to the economic development of the society,the change of the social structure and local governance,but also has something to do with the attitude of the rulers and the perfection of the legislation and supervision system and social welfare institutions.The law expresses the basic thought of the traditional social relief.And on the basis of the policy of benevolence,it also standardizes the adoption in terms of legislation.Social relief calls for financial backing,guarantee of political system,integration social resources if necessary,and social members' motivation.However,the traditional political system of the Ming and Qing Dynasties makes it impossible for the rulers to provide sufficient fund,complete legislation and integrated social resources.As a result,the actual effect of adopting lonely elderly people by law is limited.