市场社会中的价值共识

以商品交换为基础的市场社会是一种异质性社会,它肯定独立的个人对特殊利益的追求,同时要求以多元利益和多元价值并存为前提的社会和谐。这种现代性要求中蕴含着个人与社会之间独特的紧张关系。近代以来,亚当·斯密、黑格尔、哈贝马斯等人都试图以各自的方式超越这一紧张关系,建构市场社会中的价值共识。这些不同的思想方案虽各有其合理的方面,但却都没有从社会生产及其所决定的社会交往中寻找问题的原因和解决问题的出路。马克思的劳动生产理论为揭示市场社会中价值共识建立的基础及其特征提供了理论资源。

Common Understanding of Values in Market Society

In the market society based on trade, different values are coexistent. The interests and values of individuals are affirmed in this society, and the social harmony of multiple interests and values is called for as well. This modernistic request contains tensions between individuals and society. Thinkers such as Smith, Hegel and Habermas wanted to transcend these tensions and to upbuild the common understanding of values by their respective ways since the modern time. These different schemes are reasonable in certain aspects, but they had not considered social production and social intercourse when they explained the causes and the way out. Based on Marxist theory that laboring is the base of a society, the issue of the common understanding of values in market society can obtain a new standpoint.