勒内·吉拉尔神话观评析--兼论《西游记》的替罪羊机制

勒内·吉拉尔从“模仿欲望”出发考察古典神话的起源。在原始神话中普遍存在着“迫害文本”的四个范式的扩张与变形。普通“迫害文本”只有受害者的第一次的转变———不幸的转变 ,然而神话进行了第二次转变———幸运的转变 ,即神圣化的转变。这两种转变构成神话的替罪羊机制。但是后来的神话由于受到柏拉图理性哲学和社会道德的影响 ,经过改编和传播 ,逐渐淡化、消除集体暴力 ,最后掩盖、甚至粉饰集体迫害。《西游记》存在替罪羊机制 ,并掩饰集体迫害

Rene Girard's Concept of Myths

Rene Girard explores the origin of myths in terms of "a desire to imitate". In primitive myths, there were universal expansion and distortion of the four patterns of the texts of persecution. In ordinary texts of persecution, there was only the first transformation of the victims - the unfortunate transformation. But in myths, there was a second transformation - a blessed and sanctified transformation. These two kinds of transformation constituted the scapegoatism of myths. Because of the influence of Plato's philosophy of reasoning and the ethics of the society, mass violence in myths was gradually diluted and even eliminated later. Finally, the mass persecution in myths was concealed, even embellished. Applying this theory of Rene Girard's to the analysis of A Journey to the West, we can find that scapegoatism also exists as it contains the concealments of mass persecution.