基础教育创新与经济增长

本世纪传统的经济增长模式已经转化为知识型经济增长模式,知识成为了经济增长的最主要因素。通过教育所形成的人力资本成为知识转化为现实生产力的中介。从教育的社会收益来看,小学的投资收益率高于中学,中学的投资收益率高于大学。笔者认为,从提升我国人力资本数量和质量的角度来看,现阶段基础教育还应该做如下创新:加快普及高中教育的步伐,提高我国人均受教育年限;变九年制义务教育的提法为普及初中或高中义务教育;加强教师培养,提高教师待遇,保证教育质量的稳步提高;加强中小学生的实用性教育。

Innovation of Elementary Education and the Economic Growth

In this century, the traditional mode of economic growth has converted into the mode of knowledge economy growth, and knowledge has become the major factor of economic growth. The human capital which is formed through education has become the medium in knowledge converting into realistic productivity. Viewing through the social income of education, the return rate of investment into the primary schools is higher than that in middle schools; the return rate of investment in middle schools is higher than that in the universities. In improving the quantity and quality of human capitals in our country, the elementary education should be innovated from the following aspects: make the senior school education universal, prolong the number of years of being educated; strengthen training for teachers and improve the treatment for teachers; guarantee the quality of education; strengthen the practical education for primary and middle school students.