论古代白话小说中流氓无赖发迹的母题模式及流变——以《五代史平话》为中心

流氓无赖发迹成为英雄猛将 ,是古代白话小说中经常出现的母题。以这一母题为核心所展开的《五代史平话》与正史相比 ,前者对他们发迹征兆的描写明显增多 ,对他们流氓无赖行为的描写也有所增多 ,对其妻子情况的描述也与正史差别很大 ,显然后者经过了加工和改造。这一母题的出现 ,既反映了我们民族“乱世出英雄”的观念 ,也反映出叙事者对他们既羡慕又嫉妒的心态。在《五代史平话》以后的白话小说中 ,流氓无赖的出身地位有所提高 ;其流氓无赖的行为减少了 ;正义感增强了 ;从军的目的和动机也不同了——主要是为了建功立业 ;同时 ,女性在小说中的作用和地位也发生了变化 ,特别是她们在婚姻中由受动变为主动 ,并积极追求幸福婚姻。

On the Careermaking of Hooligans Described in Novels of Ancient China

In fictions of ancient China such as Stories of the Five Dynasties , some gangsters or hooligans are often described as upstarts who made careers for themselves by entering military service. Studies show that the stories have been adapted from history books, manifesting the traditional idea that heroes often emerge in troubled times.The narrator of the stories obviously admired or even envied such characters.On the other hand, women are often described in the novels as active rather than passive in marriage arrangement and in the pursuit of happiness.