论宪法上的良心和宗教自由

良心和宗教自由是个人形成自己特有的良心判断,并根据良心判断行事的自由.良心自由是人的尊严的体现,在现代自由权体系居于核心地位.在司法过程中,良心自由案件的审判往往分为两步,首先确认争议中的行为是否是基于良心的行为;第二步是良心自由的要求和社会利益相比较权衡.西方国家在司法过程往往给予良心自由优于法律的保护,这根植于西方自路德以来尊重个人良心的传统.良心自由在西方的产生,喻示了古代自由和现代自由的分野.在当代,仍有极大的现实意义,尤其是对少数人权益的保护.

The Reaserch on Freedom of Conscience and Religion

Freedom of conscience and religion is the freedom of forming individual's conscience,and acting according to one's conscience.Freedom of conscience is the embodiment of human dignity,and the core of the system of modern freedom.In judicial process,the judgments of case about consciences have two steps.First,decide whether the action disputed is a conscientiously grounded action;second,balance the claim of freedom of conscience and the claim of society.The western countries always prefer freedom of conscience to the society interest,which tooted in the tradition of respecting individual conscience since Lutheranism.Freedom of conscience was the boundary line of ancient freedom and modern one,and has great significance today,especially in the protection of minorities.