Assessment of Cigarette Smoking and Smoking Susceptibility among Youth: Telephone Computer-Assisted Self-Interviews versus Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviews |
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| Authors: | Moskowitz Joel M |
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| Institution: | JOEL M. MOSKOWITZ is director of the Center for Family and Community Health at the School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley. This research was supported by a grant (6RT-0371) from the University of California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program. Additional support was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention under a cooperative agreement (U48/909706) to the Center for Family and Community Health. The author wishes to thank (1) his collaborators at the Gallup Organization: Howard Fishbein for design and supervision of data collection procedures and Manas Chattopadhyay for sample design and sample weighting; (2) three colleagues at the Center for Family and Community Health: Anthony Lew for preliminary data analysis and Long Ngo and Gene Kazinets for statistical consultation; (3) David Cowling, at the California Department of Health Services, for provision of the California National Youth Tobacco Survey data; (4) Joseph Gfroerer, at the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), for provision of data from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, and (5) the journal editor and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. |
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| Abstract: | This experimental study assesses the effect of two survey methods,telephone audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (T-ACASI)and computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI), on self-reportsof smoking behavior and smoking susceptibility among adolescents12–17 years of age in California. In T-ACASI, participantslisten to prerecorded, computer-controlled questions and respondby pressing the keypad on a touch-tone telephone. In CATI, interviewersadminister the questions and enter responses into a computer.Prior research suggests that youth may be more likely to reportsensitive behaviors in a self-administered survey like T-ACASIcompared to an interviewer-administered survey like CATI, dueto greater perceived confidentiality. Logistic regression analyseswere conducted on unweighted data, controlling for demographicdifferences. Adjusted estimates of current smoking (past 30days) were significantly greater in T-ACASI (8.3 percent) thanCATI (4.5 percent). Smoking susceptibility (i.e., lack of afirm commitment not to smoke among those who have never smoked)was also greater in T-ACASI (45.0 percent) than CATI (34.9 percent).In both surveys, social desirability response bias was negativelyassociated with smoking, which suggests that response bias wasproblematic for both modes. Many respondents reported that aparent was present during the interview (59.4 percent in CATI;42.0 percent in T-ACASI). In both surveys, parental presencewas negatively associated with smoking, which suggests thatthis factor could also contribute to underreporting. Applicationof sample weights to the data eliminated the survey mode effects;however, the CATI current smoking estimate (9.3 percent) fromthis study was significantly less than an estimate (14.2 percent)obtained from a self-administered, school-based survey conductedthe same year on California adolescents. |
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