生命共同体：人与自然如何共生的实践之解

生态中心主义将生态共同体的利益奉为最高价值，把自然归入人类的道德关怀范围，虽然对人与自然的共生作出了生动诠释，却脱离了人类实践，消解了人的主体性，忽视了人的生存发展诉求，将希望寄托于个人的道德行为以期到达荒野的乌托邦。与此不同，“生命共同体”理念是将马克思实践自然观运用于人与自然关系的最新理论成果，融入了生态文明建设的中国特色社会主义实践经验，以生产实践为基础，揭示人与自然是生命共同体，确认人的主体责任，明晰“美的规律”。“生命共同体”理念从实践的向度为如何实现人与自然和谐共生提供了中国方案：是坚持整体性和系统性的生态方法论；是以德法共治落实主体责任的生态治理论；是从美丽中国到实现人类永续发展的生态价值论。

Life Community:a Practical Solution to the Symbiosis of Man and Nature

Eco-centrism regards the interests of the ecological community as the highest value and puts nature into the scope of human moral concern.Although it makes a vivid interpretation of the symbiosis between man and nature,it breaks away from human practice and dispels human subjectivity.Ignoring the demands of human survival and development,it places hopes on individual moral behavior in order to reach the utopia of the wilderness.In contrast,the idea of "life community" is the latest theoretical achievement of applying Marx's practical view of nature to the relationship between man and nature,which integrates the practical experience of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the construction of ecological civilization.Based on production practice,it reveals that man and nature are life communities,confirming man's subjective responsibility,and clarifying "the law of beauty".From the dimension of practice,the idea of "life community" provides a Chinese plan for how to realize the harmonious symbiosis between man and nature:it adheres to the systematic ecological methodology,and is the ecological governance theory of implementing subject responsibility with the co-governance of virtue and law and the ecological value theory from beautiful China to the realization of human sustainable development.