晚清历史“传闻素材”中的史学意蕴

历史"传闻素材",从它的史料主要承载门类来看,在"正则"文献中所涉及者,有的被明确提示或被暗示出来,有的则在文本中被完全"异化",从形式上再也显不出传闻的属性;在稗野轶闻类史料中,自有其最为集中和醒目的反映;在"口述历史"类资料中,一般也有比较典型的体现。从史学理念的层面说,因为历史传闻当时具有真伪虚实莫辨的模糊性特点,故需要具备强化考辨的理念;因为历史传闻的真伪虚实未必都能考辨清楚,故需要抱有适当存疑的理念;因为历史传闻不乏在具体情节上失实而大致指向上符实的情况,故应当培养体悟神韵的理念;因为传闻入史对著述的文体风格会发生连带的影响,故不应排斥助益灵动的理念。这些,都是科学地认识和妥当地运用传闻素材所很应注意的。

The Historical Significance of "Hearsay Marterial" in Late Qing Dynasty History

Historical "hearsay material" is reflected and presented differently in different main historical data categories,such as:official historical documents,folk anecdotes,nuncupative history,etc..In the writer's historical point of view,we can use the "hearsay material" better by taking more differentiation,discrimination and analysis on it,keeping a firm grasp on the major factor of it,gaining enlightenment from it,even leaving a doubtful point for future consideration on it properly.