民族旅游场域中新乡贤的成长路径与社区角色研究

乡村旅游发展推动了乡村社会关系的转变,创造了新乡贤培育的时代舞台。民族旅游场域培育出了多元化的乡贤结构,其中新乡贤可分为本土乡民类的"守土"乡贤、"返土"乡贤,以及旅游移民类的"外来"乡贤和"外籍"乡贤。尽管旅游新乡贤群体内部异质性较高,但持有不同经济、社会和文化资本的个体都实现了向综合精英型乡贤的多级跳跃及角色转换。新乡贤在民族旅游社区中扮演着文化传承者、创业示范者、社区融合者和文化传播者等多重角色。同时,多元社区角色间存在着一定的共性:对传统文化的保护与利用是旅游新乡贤的基本实践;经济能人是他们的成长基底;文化代理人的公益性与经济能人的代表性打开了新乡贤与政府沟通交流的渠道,承袭了传统社会"国家-士绅-民众"中的中介角色,践行了新时代背景下"双轨制"的乡村治理道路。

Growth Path and Community Role of New County Sages in the Field of Ethnic Tourism

The development of rural tourism has promoted the transformation of rural social relations and created a stage for the cultivation of new rural talents. The national tourism field has cultivated a diversified structure of rural talents,among which,the new rural talents can be divided into"local"and"returning"rural talents of local people,as well as"foreign"and"foreign"rural talents of tourism immigrants. Although there is a high degree of heterogeneity within the tourism new rural talents group,individuals with different economic,social and cultural capital have realized the multi-level jump and role transformation to the comprehensive elite rural talents. New county sages plays multiple roles in the ethnic tourism community,such as cultural inheritor,business model,community integrator and cultural disseminator. At the same time,there are some commonalities among the roles of diverse communities:the protection and utilization of traditional culture is the basic practice of the new rural talents in tourism;the economic talents are the basis of their growth;the commonweal of cultural agents and the representativeness of the economic talents open the channels of communication between the new rural talents and the government,inherit the intermediary role of the traditional society"state gentry people"and practice it under the background of the new era,"double track system"of rural governance.