论汉儒仲长统的救世主张及其思想转变

面对东汉末期朝政腐败、社会矛盾激化等问题,仲长统在哲学层面对谶纬迷信之学予以猛烈批判,并提出了一系列救世主张。他以"存亡迭代,政乱周复"的历史观作为理论根基,以"损益兼行"作为具体的操作原则,以"人事为本,天道为末"的天人观为价值追求,提出了抵制任人唯亲、选贤举能、以刑助德、打击豪族、恢复井田制度等思想,对匡正汉末社会具有重要意义。虽然仲长统的救世主张最终没有得以落实,但其以儒为宗又兼含儒道的特质符合汉末的思想发展趋势,他对于入世与出世的纠结也成为中国古代末世知识分子的精神缩影。

On the Salvation Proposition of the Confucianism Zhong Changtong in Han Dynasty and His Ideological Change

Facing the corruption of the Dynasty and the intensification of social contradictions in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhong Changtong criticized the superstition of prophecy at the philosophical level, and put forward a series of salvation proposals. Based on the historical concept of "going round and round", taking "profit and loss" as the specific operating principle, and "human-oriented" concept of nature and man as the value pursuit, he put forward the ideas of resisting appointment of relatives, selecting talents, emphasizing punishment, attacking nobles, and restoring the well field system, which were of great significance to society. Although his ideas were not implemented in the end, his ideological characteristics accorded with the ideological development trend in the late Han Dynasty, and his entanglement became the spiritual epitome of ancient Chinese intellectuals.