改革开放前我国教育财政体制的演变与特征

建国后,在计划经济体制下,我国教育财政体制模式的选择与演变经历了“统收统支、三级管理”和“条块结合、以块为主”两个阶段,形成了中央集权的国家教育财政体制。这种体制的特征主要有:一是统收统支、高度集中;二是直接管理、年度平衡;三是完全指令、条块分割;四是两条腿走路,多渠道筹资。这种体制既推动了当时教育的发展,又日益显露弊端,这一时期教育财政制度安排的种种尝试,为改革开放后我国教育财政体制改革提供了宝贵的经验。

Evolution and Characteristics of Chinese Education Financial System Before Reform and Opening-up

After the foundation of the PRC,the choice and the evolution of Chinese education finance system model under the planned economy have undergone a "Unify collection and allocation,three-level management" and " integration of departments and regions at different levels,taking one as the core " two stages,and formed a centralized national education financial system.The main features of this system: First,Unify collection and allocation of funds,highly concentrated;Second,the direct management,annual balance;Third,Complete order,barrier between different departments;Fourth,walking on two legs,multi-channel financing.This system has promoted the development of education,but showed appeared increasingly visible defects.The attempts in this period provided valuable experiences for the education financial reform.