《吴越春秋》的史学思想

《吴越春秋》是东汉赵晔所撰写的一部有关先秦时期吴越两国历史的史学著作。承继《史记》余续,将历史学研究的对象看作"天人之际""古今之变",其任务是"成一家之言",而其功用是"鉴于往事,以资来者"。在赵晔看来,历史发展是由人类来创造的,但是人要积极创造历史,必须要考虑时势、财富、民众、知识、神意和计谋等六大因素,而其中最为主要的则是能够认识和掌握其他五大因素的知识阶层。换句话说,天人合一才能推进历史的发展,但其前提是要了解和掌握天与人怎样合一,即历史发展的基本规律以及人如何顺应遵从历史规律。赵晔"寓论断于叙事"的史学方法论,主要体现在整体史学、辩证分析和价值评价三个方面。《吴越春秋》里面收录了很多的神话传说,表明了民间史学的特质。

On the Historiographic Ideas in The Spring and Autumn Annals of Wu and Yue

The Spring and Autumn Annals of Wu and Yue is a historiographic works on the history of Wu and Yue during the Pre-Qin Period,which is written by Zhao Ye of the Eastern Han Dynasty.Inherited ideas of Historical Records,the book argues that the object of historiographic study is on the relations between human being and nature,on the changes from ancient times to the present,the duty is to form one's own unique thoughts,and the function is to advance the future from past things.In Zhao Ye's opinion,the history progress is made by human beings,but people should have positive alttitude and they must take six factors into consideration such as time and situation,wealth,populace,knowledge,divine will and strategy,in which the most important factor is the social knowledge stratum who can understand and master other five factors.In other words,only when nature and people are united harmoniously as one can they advance histoty progress.But the prerequisite is that they should understand and master how they are united,that is,the basic rules of history development and how to obey history theme.Zhao Ye's historiographic methods of making judgment in narrative is mainly manifested in the whole historiography,dialectical analysis and value appraisal.Furthmore,many myths and legends are recorded in The Spring and Autumn Annals of Wu and Yue,showing its characteristic of folk historiography.