论船舶抵押权的法律适用

由于各国《海商法》关于船舶抵押权的规定不一致,在涉外船舶抵押权法律关系中就必须进行法律选择,以确定所应适用的法律。文章对国际社会有关船舶抵押权法律适用的各种理论与实践进行了评析,建议中国《海商法》关于船舶抵押权的法律适用规定为:船舶抵押权的基础合同关系适用当事人所选择的法律,在当事人没有选择时,适用船旗国法。船舶抵押权在当事人之间的效力适用当事人所选择的法律,在当事人没有选择时,适用船旗国法,船舶抵押权对第三人的影响适用船旗国法。船舶抵押权实现中的诉讼程序适用法院地法。

On the Applicable Law of the Ship Mortgage

Different countries have different stipulations in Maritime Law on ship mortgage.Therefore,a choice of law should be made regarding foreign ship mortgage relationships so as to apply an appropriate law.This paper examines various theories and practices of the applicable law regarding the ship mortgage in the international society.The authors suggest that China's Maritime Law should provide the applicable law of the ship mortgage as follows: 1) Apply lex voluntatis in the ship's mortgage contract relationship;2) When the lex voluntatis has no choice,the law of the flag should be applied;3) Apply lex voluntatis which affects the ship mortgage between the contract parties;4) When the lex voluntatis has no choice,the law of the flag should be applied.Apply the law of the flag when it involves the ship mortgage on a third party.The law of the court is applied for the judicial proceeding in the enforcement of the ship's mortgage.