澳大利亚消费者合同中不公平条款的法律规制及对中国的启示

澳大利亚消费者合同不公平条款的立法，规定了不公平条款的主要认定条件，列举了消费者合同条款可能被认定为不公平的典型情况。在司法实践中，判定消费者合同条款是否不公平需要从合同的整体性进行考量，并且考察合同条款的透明度及与条款不公平性相关的其他要素。澳大利亚立法对于不公平合同条款的考察重点在于内容的实质性公平，而行为经济学对不公平条款的具体认定标准提出了新的观点。考虑到我国保护消费者与发展经济的需求，建议对格式条款进入消费者合同设置程序性与实质性双重门槛，参考澳大利亚的做法，列举不公平条款的具体情形并予以立法调整。

Determination and Legal Regulations of Unfair Terms of Consumer Contract in Australia

Australia made new regulations on unfair terms of consumer contract, stipulating the tests of determining unfair terms and citing typical circumstances that consumer contractual terms would be regarded as unfair ones. In judicial practice, matters that must be taken into account in determining whether a term is unfair includes considering the contract as a whole, transparency and such matters as the court may consider relevant. The respective roles of substantive and procedural fairness may be the subject of some debate, the legislation of Australia for unfair terms investigates the substantive contents, but behavioral economics that identifying the standards of unfair terms proposes some new points of view. Taking into account the urgency of consumer protection and economic development of China, it is proposed that standard terms should comply with both procedural and substantial tests of consumer contract, and examples of the kind of terms in standard form consumer contracts that may be unfair should be listed and be under legal regulations.