论银行业反垄断规制的有限性简

竞争政策对银行业的发展至关重要。银行业管制与反垄断规制存在复杂的关系，比较有代表性的有美国“例外适用”模式、欧盟“一般性适用”模式和日本“除外适用”模式。反垄断法对银行业垄断行为的规制存在限度，没有通行的统一适用模式，且有不同程度的保留，突出表现为立法选择的有限性和反垄断执法的有限性。银行业管制的必要性、反垄断政策本身的局限性、中国银行业发展和监管的“路径依赖”以及反垄断立法规定的“暧昧不清”均为其提供了可能的理论解释和现实原因。参考国际经验，我国宜遵循“一般豁免、例外适用”的原则，采取循序渐进的路径，降低银行业进入壁垒，加强竞争倡导，重视竞争主管机构和监管机构的分工协作，进而取得更好的规制效果。

On the Limitation of Antimonopoly in Banking Industry

Competition policy is vital to the functioning of banking. The relationship between banking regulation and antimonopoly is complicated, which include＂exceptional application＂in U.S.A., ＂general appli- cation＂ in EU, and＂exemption application＂in Japan. Antimonopoly law is limited for the practical monopoly in bank sector which hasn＇t uniform paradigm. The limitation of antimonopoly represent the limitation of legisla- tion choice and antimonopoly execution. The reasons for limitation are that essentiality of banking regulation, limitation of antimonopoly policy, ＂path dependence＂ of development and supervision of Chinese banking, and vagueness of antimonopoly legislation. According to international experience, we should follow the principle of ＂general exemption, exceptional application＂, advance gradually in due order, reduce barriers to entry bank- ing, reinforce competition advocacy, and emphasize the cooperation of competition authorities and regulatory agencies in order to improve regulation effect.