从形式回到历史——关于文学研究方法论的探讨

20世纪上半叶英美文学批评领域最瞩目的成就应是形式主义取代了传统的社会历史批评，从方法论上讲，形式主义批评模式把人的注意力引向文学文本自身，关注其审美与艺术的特征，使文学批评更加专业化，文化批评是一种新型的社会历史批评，但并不是传统社会历史批评的简单重复，文化批评扬弃而非抛弃了形式主义的批评方法。因而提倡从形式层面而非内容层面回归社会历史。

Returning to History through Form

This paper is to explore the idea of historical criticism that aims to return to social reality through various cultural forms. This new historical trend in criticism never abandons the achievements made by formalism in the first half of the century; on the contrary, it refers to the current interpretation of literature as medium, by which the understanding of reality is made possible. The paper investigates the challenge of socio|historical criticisms represented by Cultural Materialism in Britain and the New Historicism in Renaissance studies in the United States.