论《左传》的历史观——兼论《左传》神梦巫卜及以成败论人的本质

本文认为 ,《左传》历史观是以“天德合一”为基础的“社稷无常奉 ,君臣无常位”。这一历史观包含三层意思 :一是历史变易论 ,即“社稷无常奉 ,君臣无常位” ,历史是不断的改朝换代史。二是历史不变论 ,即虽然朝代更替 ,江山易主 ,但统治思想和制度—“德”、“礼”却是永久不变的。三是神学目的论与道德目的论统一 ,即历史是天命神意为实现其”美善”道德而进行的有意识的活动。作者通过为其已知的僭主提供神学依据和道德依据演绎了这一历史观。而《左传》的神梦巫卜与以成败论人则是作者对其历史观诠释的必然结果。

On the View of History of Zuo Zhuan--Concurrently on the Nature of the Divine Dreams and Sorcery and Evaluation of a Man by His Success or Failure

This article holds that the view of history of Zuo Zhuan is the "the tate is not permanent while monarchs and ministers are not constant" based on " t he integration of heaven and ethics", which is composed of three levels of denot ations: first, history is constantly changing, i.e. "the state is not permanent while monarchs and ministers are not constant", dynasties are constantly being c hanged for the new; second, history does not change, i.e. though dynasties chang e with new emperors, the ruling ideologies and systems-" ethics" and "etiq uet te"-are everlasting; and third, the divine teleology and ethical teleology a re integrated, i.e. history is a conscious activity of the divine and holy spiri ts to realize their beautiful and good" morals. The writer deduces this view of history from the divine and moral justifications of already known overstepping m onarchs. The divine dreams and sorcery and evaluation of a man by his success or failure of Zuo Zhuan are the necessary outcomes of anno tations of its author and his view of history.