经济增长对江西省农村减贫的影响研究

经济增长是我国减缓贫困的主要手段之一,但是经济增长带来的收入分配不均又会削弱其减贫能力,因此不同地区不同时期经济增长的减贫能力需要具体分析。基于2001—2012年江西省统计年鉴中按收入分组的数据,估计出江西省农村贫困的规模,计算出贫困的经济增长弹性和收入分配弹性,并通过贫困的动态分解得出经济增长的减贫指数。结果发现,近年来收入分配对贫困的影响力逐渐提高,在此影响下不同阶段的经济增长的减贫能力不同。此外,经济增长对贫困发生率的影响最大,贫困距次之,平方贫困距最小。因此,为加强经济增长的减贫作用,政府的政策重心应逐步转移到收入分配问题上,并且要特别关注贫困人口之间的收入分配不均现象。

The Impact of Economic Growth on the Rural Poverty Reduction in Jiangxi Province

Although economic growth is the main source of the poverty reduction in China, the inequality of income distribution arisen by the economic growth will weaken its ability to alleviate poverty.Therefore, the ability of economic growth to alleviate poverty is different in different areas and time periods, which needs more concrete analysis.This paper estimated the size of rural poverty in Jiangxi Province according to the grouped in- come data of the Jiangxi Statistical Year Book from 2001 to 2012. Then this paper computed the economic growth elasticity of poverty and the income distribution elasticity of poverty, and calculated the pro-poor index according to the decomposition of poverty changes. It is found that, the impact of income distribution on rural poverty was increasing so that the ability of economic growth to alleviate poverty is quite different in different time periods.Moreover,the economic growth influenced most on headcount ratio of poverty, followed by the pov-erty gap and the squared poverty gap.As a result, the government should pay more attention to the inequality of income distribution, especially between the poor people, to enhance the impact of economic growth on poverty reduction.