知行两相难:史禄国云南调查事件探析

俄国人类学家史禄国在中国早期人类学史上充当了要角。1928年,他奉中山大学语言历史学研究所和中央研究院历史语言研究所合派,率队赴云南调查罗罗。这是中国首次有组织的人类学田野调查,但史禄国惧险,仅留在昆明作体质人类学和语言学调查,其表现引起中山大学同人的不满与质问,从而放弃了对他的聘作,因此他改为由中央研究院单独聘任。此事牵涉的并非仅仅是人事纠葛问题,更揭示了民国学人当时对诸如民俗学、人类学等新学科的认识存在个体差异。尽管许多学人的治学观念已有所转变,但在具体实行时,仍然难以摆脱自身固有知识的牵绊,导致学术认知与实作两难的境况。

A Dilemma between Knowledge and Practice: Exploration of "the Incident of Shirokogoroff"

Shirokogoroff,a Russian anthropologist,was an important figure in the early history of Chinese anthropology.In 1928 he was dispatched to lead to investigate the Lolos in Yunnan by the Institute of Philology and History in Sun Yat-sen University and the Institute of History and Philology in Academia Sinica.This investigation was the first formally organized field work in modern China.He was so afraid of the danger that he did not go to the Lolos' regions but stayed in Kunming to do researches of physical anthropology and philology,for which he was criticized by his colleagues in Sun Yat-sen University and was later dismissed from the university.Consequently he was engaged only by the Academia Sinica.It was more an academic problem than a personnel dispute.Namely,it disclosed the fact that Chinese scholars' differences in understanding folklore and anthropology.Though some of the scholars changed their ideas later,they were distracted in practice by previous knowledge,which led to a dilemma between knowledge and practice.