生态伦理与人道主义——18世纪西方自然观的形成及其当代影响

随着生态环境的恶化、生态运动的发展,生态伦理学异军突起。它旨在从生态角度重新审视人与环境的关系,从道德伦理角度约束人的行为,值得广泛提倡。然而,部分极端的生态中心论者将生态危机的"精神基础"归罪于西方人道主义思想,则有失偏颇。回顾18世纪西方世界自然观念的演化,启蒙思想中的道德观念被资本主义自利的经济理论所抛弃,在某种意义上,生态危机并非人道主义的僭妄,恰恰相反,是人道主义精神还不够深入的结果。

Eco-ethics and Humanism

Along with the deterioration of environment as well as the development of environmentalism,eco-ethics suddenly came into existence with the purposes of reviewing the relationship between human being and the environment and restricting human behaviour from the angle of ethics.It's improper for some eco-centralists to blame environment crisis on the Western Humanism.Reviewing the evolution of the Westerners' views on nature in the 18th Century,we find the fact that the morality in enlightenment thoughts was replaced by capitalist economic theories which started environment crisis.In a sense,the crisis of environment is the the crisis of humanism.